SAFETY DESK: The Dangers of Frostbite
By SHAWN CASSIDY
Field Safety Specialist, Lyman-Richey Corporation
As the weather gets colder, we need to protect ourselves.
Frostbite is a treatable, but potentially serious condition, that affects the skin. It happens when a body part isn't properly covered when you’re outside in freezing temperatures.
Just like water turns to ice when the temperature drops, your fingers, hands, toes, feet — even your nose and ears — can freeze. Being further away from your core, they are the first body parts affected by the decreased bloodflow in response to cold.
How soon this happens depends on how cold and windy it is outside, but it can happen faster than you may think. In severely frigid weather, frostbite can happen in just 5 minutes.
Here’s how to avoid frostbite, the warning signs, and what to do if it sets in.
When its cold out, exposed skin may get red or sore. This is called frostnip, and it’s an early warning sign of frostbite. If this happens, find warm shelter quickly.
Symptoms of frostbite depend on how deep it goes into the body. Early frostbite affects the top layers of the skin. More advanced cases can go all the way through to the muscles and bones. There are three stages:
Early stage — The skin turns a pale yellow or white. It may itch, sting, burn, or feel like "pins and needles."
Intermediate stage — Skin becomes hard and may look shiny or waxy. When the skin thaws, blisters filled with fluid or blood form.
Advanced stage — Skin is very hard and cold to the touch. Skin darkens quickly. It may look blue and later turn black. Some people don't know they have frostbite because as it gets worse, you can't feel the area anymore. That's why it’s important to watch for changes in skin color.
These cold-weather clothing tips can help prevent frostbite:
Layer your clothing, loosely. Tight clothing raises your risk of frostbite. Instead, choose loose layers that allow body heat to get around.
Make sure your hat covers your head and ears.
Choose insulating mittens or gloves. Don't take them off to use your smartphone. If texting is a must, look for a pair with textured fingertips that allow you to swipe.
Don't skimp on socks or shoes. Feet are very vulnerable to frostbite. Layer a pair of wool socks over some that resist moisture. Wear warm, waterproof boots that cover your ankles.
If you sweat, unzip... at least for a few minutes. Wet clothing — either from snow or sweating — makes you more likely to get frostbite.
If you see any of those warning signs of frostbite: First, get to a warm place. Don't rub your skin. That can damage it if it’s frozen.
Resist the urge to place cold hands or feet in a tub of hot water. If your skin is numb, you may not be able to feel if the water is too hot. That could cause further damage. Instead, soak the affected hands and feet in warm water (104 F to 107 F), or place a washcloth with warm water on the affected areas that can’t be submerged, like nose and ears, for at least 30 minutes.
Your skin should start to heal quickly. As it thaws, it may get red. You may also feel painful stinging or prickling sensations, like “pins and needles.”
Report any suspected frostbite immediately to your supervisor and seek medical attention as needed.
QUESTIONS
What are some good habits to help us prevent frostbite?
What should you do when you are injured on the job?
“That every employee returns safely to their family at the end of their shift.”